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Engineering Survey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Definition And Purpose

Engineering Survey is land survey conducted to meet three basic engineering requirements:-

  1. Obtaining ground data spatially referenced to boundary and survey reference marks to support engineering designs of civil works (roads, railways, water-ways, buildings etc.)
  2. Setting out of civil structures according to their designed horizontal and vertical parameters.
  3. Producing "as built" plans of completed civil works for contractual as well as inventory purposes.
 

Eligibility Criteria

To ensure accountability and professionalism in the conduct of Engineering Survey it is a must that quality, regulatory and disciplinary control be imposed on firms involved in this field. The proprietor or partners of these firms must therefore be professionally qualified as well as registered with the Land Surveyors Board

Methodology and Instrumentation

  • Land Surveying activities that are carried out in an engineering survey area as follows:-
    • Plan metric Control
        • This involves traverses connected to existing survey marks. As engineering survey sites need to be tied to the local coordinate system, connections to boundary and survey reference marks are important requirements. Solar observations for Azimuth Control are frequently needed.
    • Vertical Control
        • Levelling runs are made to Survey Department or other proven Bench Marks
    • Spot-Heighting
      • Spot Heights are observed by either tachometry or EDM heighting.
    • Ground Details
      • Natural or man-made features are observed picked up by tachometric means.
    • Profiling
      • This is necessary survey operation in any road survey is done by levelling along the determined centre-line.
    • Cross-section
      • Sections across road or waterways are obtained by levelling at determined intervals

 

 

  • The results of the above survey are to be presented either in analogue (hard copy) or digital format as prescribed by the client.
  • Engineering Survey require accurate and up-to-date equipment to meet expectations in both accuracy and expediency. Among the instruments that are frequently needed are:-
    • a) EDM/Total Station and target system
    • b) Data Recorders
    • c) Levels and Staves
    • d) Computers and Plotters
  • In situation where ready connections to existing datum are not available, Global Positioning Systems may be used. To support the use of Data Recorders and to facilitate field computations, portable computers are being introduced to the surveyors' equipment list.
  • Data processing and production of survey plans in the office are being speeded up by the use of electronic computers, plotters and relevant software.